腹壁可看清肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他出血.. Urachal Cyst 凹尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )凹尿管出血见于凹和尿道彼此间，一般而言坐落于凹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于均坐落于凹下。这些出血可显出为几乎无水声或低水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 左图11A，凹尿管出血，此出血已受传染，外部掺入黯淡水声的气泡。B，凹尿管出血，紧绷的出血前壁产生折射伪影。

..Endometriosis子宫内膜乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周子宫内膜乳癌是子宫开刀后的长期合并症，无类似显出，但可于之前开刀的瘢痕处见一区域内肿物，并有周期官能的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 左图12 ，剖宫产左眼处子宫内膜乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作官能发烧后、喷嚏或中风发作后，其根本原因一般而言是抗凝疗程或出血官能疾病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，一般而言不很大，其形状根据所处位置而定，在皮膜支线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下侧向，可于一侧见到（左图13A）；在皮膜支线以下，由于腹前头缺如，可扩展横过中的支线，因此血肿显出为分叶状，其最大长度坐落于横轴上。在患儿外周血肿可见于凹上平行扩展（左图13B、C）。术后致密官能微血管内凋亡的病人可于外周开刀瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（左图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 左图13A，一中的年妇女剧烈发烧后腹直肌鞘血肿，圆点指示腹横脾脏。B，患儿外周血肿。C，一患儿凹静脉附着处前面的外周血肿。UV，凹静脉。D，一致密官能微血管内凋亡的剖宫产术后病人疤痕处外周血肿。

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